RESUMO
Two new species of Thyronectria growing in Mediterranean vegetation are described from southern Spain; they are T. giennensis from Quercus ilex ssp. rotundifolia and T. pistaciae from Pistacia lentiscus. Both species are characterized by morphology of sexual and asexual morphs and by DNA data. They have olivaceous to green-brown muriform ascospores and are closely related to T. asturiensis and T. roseovirens, as determined by multigene phylogenetic analyses of a matrix containing six loci (ITS and 28S regions of nuc rDNA, ACT1, RPB1, RPB2, TEF1 and TUB2 genes). We also report that Cucurbitaria bicolor is a synonym of Thyronectria rhodochlora, the type species of Thyronectria.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/classificação , Ascomicetos/isolamento & purificação , Filogenia , Ascomicetos/genética , Ascomicetos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Região do Mediterrâneo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fator 1 de Elongação de Peptídeos/genética , RNA Polimerase II/genética , Esporos Fúngicos/classificação , Esporos Fúngicos/genética , Esporos Fúngicos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Esporos Fúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Tubulina (Proteína)/genéticaRESUMO
The discovery of a second species of Bicornispora in Spain, B. seditiosa, which is closely related to B. exophiala but has smaller ascospores, narrower asci and different ecology, gave us the opportunity to culture and sequence the fungus. Phylogenetic analyses of rDNA regions including partial nuc 28S rDNA (28S) and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) supported a close relationship with species of the genus Lambertella (Rutstroemiaceae), placing Bicornispora, previously ascribed to Coryneliales, within Helotiales. This result confirmed an evolutionary linkage between certain inoperculate discomycetes such as Lambertella palmeri and derived cleistothecial forms (Bicornispora spp.). Based on analyses of morphological study and molecular phylogenetic analyses, a new combination Rutstroemia asphodeli is proposed for Ciboria asphodeli.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/classificação , Ascomicetos/isolamento & purificação , Ascomicetos/genética , Ascomicetos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , DNA Fúngico/genética , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Plantas/microbiologia , Espanha , Esporos Fúngicos/classificação , Esporos Fúngicos/genética , Esporos Fúngicos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Esporos Fúngicos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
During several forays for ligninolytic fungi in different Spanish native forests, 35 white-rot basidiomycetes growing on dead wood (16 species from 12 genera) and leaf litter (19 species from 10 genera) were selected for their ability to decolorize two recalcitrant aromatic dyes (Reactive Blue 38 and Reactive Black 5) added to malt extract agar medium. In this study, two dye decolorization patterns were observed and correlated with two ecophysiological groups (wood and humus white-rot basidiomycetes) and three taxonomical groups (orders Polyporales, Hymenochaetales and Agaricales). Depending on the above groups, different decolorization zones were observed on the dye-containing plates, being restricted to the colony area or extending to the surrounding medium, which suggested two different decay strategies. These two strategies were related to the ability to secrete peroxidases and laccases inside (white-rot wood Polyporales, Hymenochaetales and Agaricales) and outside (white-rot humus Agaricales) of the fungal colony, as revealed by enzymatic tests performed directly on the agar plates. Similar oxidoreductases production patterns were observed when fungi were grown in the absence of dyes, although the set of enzyme released was different. All these results suggest that the decolorization patterns observed could be related with the existence of two decay strategies developed by white-rot basidiomycetes adapted to wood and leaf litter decay in the field.
